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Student Health Services
Strains & Sprains
Strains
Strains occur when muscles or tendons are stretched or torn. They usually occur in the back, shoulders, arms and legs. Symptoms generally include swelling and difficulty moving.
Sprains
Sprains are generally more serious than strains. Sprains are common in the ankles, knees, elbows, fingers and wrists and occur when ligaments are stretched or torn from overexertion or lack of flexibility of muscles and tendons, or from poor technique for lifting. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and "black and blue" coloring around the joint area. Sprains are immediately recognizable, while strains may not be apparent for 24 hours. Sprains usually occur from forcing a joint beyond its range of flexibility.
Treatment of both strains and sprains are similar:
- Stop using the injured part immediately.
- Apply a cold pack or ice bag as soon as possible to reduce swelling. Use ice for 20 minutes. Repeat 3-4 times daily until swelling subsides.
- Wrap the injury firmly, but not tightly, with a bandage.
- Raise the injured part above the heart to control swelling and internal bleeding.
- Take Ibuprofen or Aleve to reduce pain, inflammation and swelling.
- Apply heat after 72 hours if swelling has lessened. Use comfortable heat 2-3 times a day, 15-20 minutes each time.
- Begin gentle exercise once the swelling and pain have subsided. Stop if pain recurs.
- Note: Consult health care provider if pain and/or swelling does not improve within 24 hours of the injury or you are unable to use the joint.